The form of intertextuality is characterized by the combination of elements, genres, characters from various cultural products, and works of art. During this process, the familiar elements are used in the new contexts and obtain new meanings (Ph.D. Josh Jackson’s slides, 2022).

"Postmodernism's reflexivity, in which the text refers to its own means of production, has its origins in modernism. In many modernist works, artists emphasized structure and form to reveal the foundational bases of genres such as narrative fiction and pictorial painting. They wanted audiences to think on a conscious level about the seductive aspects of a form" (Sturken, 2017, p.313).